RF ablation for Thyroid nodules

1. What is Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) for Thyroid Nodules?

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat certain types of thyroid nodules. This procedure is typically used when the nodules are benign (non-cancerous), causing symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, breathing problems, or cosmetic concerns due to their size. RFA can also be considered when there are concerns about the nodule’s growth or the patient is not a candidate for surgery.

RFA USG
FNAC thyroid

2. How does the RF ablation for thyroid nodules work?

  • RFA uses radiofrequency energy to generate heat and destroy the thyroid nodule tissue. The heat shrinks the nodule, which helps reduce symptoms.
  • The procedure is typically done under local anesthesia or sedation, meaning the patient is awake but feels no pain.
  • It involves inserting a needle-like probe through the skin (percutaneously) into the nodule, guided by ultrasound

3. Which patients will benefit from thyroid RFA procedure?

  • Benign thyroid nodules that are causing symptoms such as compression (difficulty swallowing or breathing), cosmetic issues, or persistent growth.
  • Thyroid cysts that may have solid components that can be treated with RFA.
  • Patients who are not candidates for surgery due to age, comorbidities, or preference.
  • Nodules that have been identified as benign on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy

4. What are the advantages of the thyroid RFA procedure?

  • Minimally invasive: No need for surgery, and there’s typically no need for general anesthesia.
  • Short recovery time: Most patients can return to normal activities within a day or two.
  • Effective for symptom reduction: Can reduce the size of the nodule and improve symptoms.
  • Lower risk of complications compared to traditional surgery.

5. What happens during and after the thyroid RFA procedure?

  • Ultrasound guidance is used throughout the procedure to locate the nodule and monitor the ablation process.
  • A needle electrode is inserted into the nodule, and radiofrequency energy is delivered through it to generate heat, causing the nodule to shrink and the tissue to be destroyed.
  • The procedure typically lasts 20–40 minutes, depending on the size and number of nodules.
  • Patients may experience mild discomfort or swelling at the site of the needle insertion.
  • Patients are usually discharged on the same day (no need for hospitalization)
  • Follow-up imaging (usually ultrasound) is required to monitor the nodule size and evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure.

6. How effective is thyroid RFA procedure?

  • RFA is generally effective in reducing the size of thyroid nodules by 50%–80% within 6 months of the procedure.
  • Many patients report relief from symptoms, including improved swallowing and cosmetic appearance.
  • Long-term results are positive, with studies showing that the effects of RFA can last for several years.